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1.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 64(1): 32-40, ene. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-158902

ABSTRACT

La hipertermia maligna es un síndrome hipermetabólico que ocurre en pacientes susceptibles, tras la exposición a un fármaco anestésico desencadenante (succinilcolina, anestésicos inhalatorios). En España, se presenta en uno de cada 40.000 en adultos, con una mortalidad estimada del 10%. Está inducido por una regulación anormal de los receptores de rianodina, que produce una liberación masiva del calcio del retículo sarcoplasmático del músculo. Las manifestaciones clínicas son variadas y consisten en: elevación del CO2, taquicardia e inestabilidad hemodinámica, acidosis metabólica y respiratoria, sudoración profusa, hiperpirexia, elevación de CPK, mioglobinuria, fallo renal, CID y finalmente parada cardiorrespiratoria. El tratamiento con dantroleno sódico inhibe la liberación de calcio al antagonizar los receptores de rianodina. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza con el test de contracción de fibra muscular expuesta a cafeína y halotano. Ante este grave evento la protocolización del manejo ayuda a garantizar que el paciente reciba una atención fiable y segura (AU)


Malignant hyperthermia is a hypermetabolic syndrome that appears in susceptible patients after exposure to certain anaesthetic drugs (succinylcholine, inhalation anaesthetics). Its incidence in Spain is 1 in 40,000 adults, with a 10% mortality rate. It is induced by an abnormal regulation of the ryanodine receptors, producing a massive release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the striate muscle. Clinical manifestations include: CO2 increase, tachycardia, haemodynamic instability, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, profuse sweating, hyperpyrexia, CPK increase, myoglobinuria, kidney failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and ending in cardiac arrest. Dantrolene sodium is a ryanodine receptor antagonist, and inhibits the release of intracellular calcium. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by the exposure of muscle fibres to caffeine and halothane. Protocols can help guarantee a reliable and secure management when this severe event occurs (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Malignant Hyperthermia/drug therapy , Malignant Hyperthermia/epidemiology , Clinical Protocols/standards , Ryanodine/therapeutic use , Dantrolene/therapeutic use , Anesthetics/classification , Anesthetics/therapeutic use , Muscle Contraction , Diagnosis, Differential , Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome/complications , Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome/drug therapy
2.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 60(supl.1): 73-85, jun. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-138688

ABSTRACT

La elevada morbimortalidad producida por la hemorragia masiva hace necesaria la realización de un protocolo que guíe su tratamiento en cada centro hospitalario. Se revisa la fisiopatología. Se presenta una amplia revisión de la bibliografía sobre hemorragia y transfusión masivas con el fin de elaborar un documento práctico que sirva de referencia para que cada centro lo adapte a sus necesidades y recursos (AU)


Because of the substantial morbidity and mortality provoked by massive bleeding, a protocol to guide treatment of this event in each hospital is required. The present article reviews the physiopathology of massive bleeding. The literature on massive hemorrhage and transfusion is extensively reviewed with a view to designing a practical document that could serve as a template to be adapted to the specific needs and resources of each center (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Patient Safety/standards , 35170/methods , Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Shock, Hemorrhagic/drug therapy , Shock, Hemorrhagic/prevention & control , Blood Transfusion/instrumentation , Shock, Hemorrhagic/physiopathology , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/complications , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/drug therapy , Oxygenation/methods , Perfusion , Hemostasis
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